HF TRANSCEIVER TS-440S INSTRUCTION MANUAL edited by Gary Lee kb9zuv@arrl.net KENWOOD CORPORATION Thank you for purchasing the new TS-440S transceiver. Please read this instruction manual carefully before placing your transceiver in service. This unit has been carefully engineered and manufactured to rigid quality standards, and should give you satisfactory and dependable operation for many years The following explicit definitions apply in this manual: Note: If disregarded, inconvenience only, no risk of equipment damage or personal injury. Caution: Equipment damage may occur, but not personal injury. This Instruction Manual covers the TS-440S, '" with and without AT (Automatic Antenna Tuner) unit. When there are differences in operation, separate instructions will be given for each model. Illustrations show the TS-440S with AT unit. CONTENTS 1. FEATURES 3 2. INSTALLATION 4 2-1. PRECAUTIONS 4 2-2. FIXED STATION 4 2-2-1. Interconnection 4 2-2-2. Grounding 4 2-2-3. Antenna 5 2-2-4. Key connection 5 2-3. MOBILE 5 2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation 5 2-3-2. Power supply connection 5 3. OPERATION 6 3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS 6 3-1-1- Front panel 6 3-1-2. Rear panel 3-1-3. Top cover 3-2. RECEIVE 3-2-1. Initial setting '. 3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation 3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry 3-2-4. AM reception 3-3. TRANSMIT 3-3-1. SSB (LSB, USB) mode : 3-3-2. CW mode (a) Semi-automatic break-in (b) Full-automatic break-in 3-3-3. FM mode Subaudible tone 3-3-4. AM mode 3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER 15 3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's 15 3-5-1. Why two VFO's 3-5-2. Split frequency (a) A=B switch (b) A/B switch (c) SPLIT switch (d) T-F SET switch 3-6. MEMORY 3-6-1. Memory entry 3-6-2 Transferring memory information to the VFO 3-6-3. Transferring data between memory channels 3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split frequency channels 3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel 3-6-6- Memory recall 3-7. SCAN 3-7-1. Memory scan 3-7-2. Program scan 3-7-3. Scan speed 3-7-4 Memory channel lockout 3-8. AFSK 19 3-8-1. Reception 19 3-8-2. Transmit 3-8-3. AMTOR operation 3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLIFIER.. 4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION 4-3. RECEIVER SECTION 4-4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION 4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1680-00) 4-4-2. IF unit IX60-1300-00) 4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450OO) 4-4-4. PLL unit 5 "i'm is'o w SWR2 3 5 1C ALC zone Notes: 1. The FM power output may fluctuate if running less than full output. 2. Ensure that an antenna with a low SWR is used. The TS-440S provides several protection circuits, continually loading into an antenna with a high SWR (3 to 1 or greater) will eventually cause damage to the final amplifiers. 3. The PWR meter reading may not be accurate with high SWR values. Use a good antenna for the most accurate readings. 14 Subaudible tone An optional subaudible tone unit TU-8 is available for installation in the TS-440S for accessing 10 meter FM repeaters. This tone is activated whenever the TS-440S is in the SPLIT mode. 3-3-4. AM mode 1. Set the Meter switch to PWR. 2. Set the MODE key to AM. 3. Place the Standby switch to SEND. 4. Adjust the CAR control so that the meter indicates 25 watts. 5. Place the Meter switch to ALC. 6. Adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter deflection does not exceed ALC zone on voice peaks. 3-5-1. Why two VFO's Occasionally DX stations will utilize an operational procedure known as split frequency operation. When the DX station is in this mode he will be transmitting on one frequency and receiving on another. This is done in order for the DX station to be able to recognize the calls of stations during pileups. Older transceivers required the use of an external VFO to allow this split frequency operation. The TS-440S, thru the use of microprocessor controls, effectively provides two separate VFOs in the same package. Several different controls and switches have been provided to increase the operator's convenience when faced with this type of operation. The use of these controls is discussed below. 3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER (The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.) The automatic antenna tuner operates within the amateur radio bands from 3.5 thru 29.7 MHz. 1. Ensure that an antenna designed for use within the band you intend to operate on is properly connected to the antenna terminal. 2. Set the AUTO/THRU switch to the AUTO position. 3. Place the AT TUNE switch to the ON position. The AT TUNE indicator will light and the tuner will begin tuning. Then the CW mode indicator will light. 4. After a short period the AT TUNE indicator will go OFF and the motors will stop turning. 5. Place the AT TUNE switch to OFF. 6. Tuning is now completed. You may now carry out normal communications. Notes: 1. When the AT TUNE switch is ON and the AT indicator lights but then goes out immediately it is an indication that the antenna was not that far off resonance and that tuning has been completed. 2. Normal operation is not possible until the AT TUNE switch has been turned OFF. 3. If the motors do not stop turning after approximately 30 seconds, place the AT TUNE switch to OFF, and then back to ON again. The tuner will attempt to tune again, and should find a good match. If the tuner will not stop after several tries it indicates some problem exists with the antenna system. Readjust the antenna and feedline before attempting to tune again. 3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's Operational convenience can be enhanced thru the use of both VFO A and VFO B. 3-5-2. Split frequency (a) A = B switch Depressing this switch causes the data contained in the inactive VFO (the VFO that is not currently being displayed) to change to the same data contained in the active VFO (the one currently displayed). Both the frequency and mode are changed. For example: VFO A is set at 7 MHz in LSB, and VFO B is 21 MHz in USB. VFO A is the active VFO (show on the display). Depressing the A =B switch will cause VFO B to change to 7 MHz in LSB. (b) A/B switch Allows selection of the desired active VFO. Each time this switch is depressed the active VFO will alternate between VFO A and VFO B. (c) SPLIT switch Allows the use of one VFO for transmit, and the other for receive (Split Frequency operation). For example: VFO A is the active VFO, and VFO B is the inactive VFO. Depressing the SPLIT switch will cause the TS-440S to receive on VFO A and transmit on VFO B. The mode of reception and transmission will follow the mode contained in the appropriate VFO memory. It is possible to work cross band, cross mode if desired. To avoid confusion during contest, or pile-up operations we recommend using VFO A for receive and VFO B for transmit. (d) T-F SET switch Depressing this switch will allow you to rapidly set or check the transmit frequency, during SPLIT operations, without the need of actually transmitting. This switch is especially convenient when you are trying to locate the transmit frequency of the station currently in contact with the DX station, since 15 depressing this switch allows you to receive on the transmit frequency as long as the switch is held depressed. The TUNING dial is active when this switch is depressed, so it is easy to change your transmitter frequency at the same time, if necessary. Releasing the switch will return you to the original receive frequency. b. Enter a two digit channel number using the numeric keypad, being sure to include the leading zero for channels 00 through 09. Pressing the CLEAR key or the standby switch before pressing the second digit will return you to the original channel. 3-6. MEMORY The TS-440S incorporates a convenient 100 channel memory that can be used to store and recall commonly used frequencies. These channels can be subdivided into 10 user-defined groups to tailor the TS-440S for optimum operation in a particular application. You can, for instance, assign channels 10 through 19 to the 160 meter band, channels 20 through 29 to the 80 meter band, channels 30 through 39 to the 40 meter band (LSB), channels 40 through 49 to the 20 meter band {USB), channels 50 through 59 to the 15 meter band, channels 60 to 69 to the 10 meter band (FM), channels 70 through 79 to the 12 meter band, and channels 80 through 89 to various shortwave bands. Channels 90 through 99 could then be assigned as split frequency channels. After completing channel assignments, you can then use the convenient memory scan function to automatically recall the stored frequencies on a group basis. 3-6-1. Memory Entry 1. With the TS-440S in the VFO mode, select the desired operating frequency and mode as described in previous sections. /'-:. H5.0 c. Use the UP/DOWN switches and/or microphone UP/DOWN switches to scroll thru the different memory positions. 5. When the desired memory channel is displayed, press the M.IN key again. The current frequency and mode will be stored, the scroll mode will be cancelled, and the TS-440S will return to the operating mode and frequency that was displayed before the M.IN key was pressed initially. Note that if RIT was selected prior to step 2, the actual frequency stored will be the indicated frequency plus or minus the RIT variable. 3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the VFO. 1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode. c'3 I'-:. 115.0 2. Select a channel using any of the methods discussed under the Memory Entry section. 2. Press the M.IN switch. The radio will enter the Memory Scroll (M.SCR) mode. The current memory channel number (M.CH), frequency and mode will be displayed, but the actual operating frequency and mode will remain unchanged allowing uninterrupted reception. \s 8 58.8 00.0 3. Press the M^-V key. The stored data will be transferred to the active VFO allowing you to begin tuning from that point. The TS-440S automatically returns to the VFO mode when the M^-V key is depressed. ''8.300.0 3. Select the desired memory channel using one of the three methods described below, a. Turn the TUNING dial until the desired channel number is displayed (One revolution of the dial covers about 10 channels). Notes:-- 1. The RIT/XIT status will be copied from the memory to the VFO when the M^-V key is depressed. 2. When data is transferred from the split frequency , memory, the active VFO is loaded with the receive data and the inactive VFO will be loaded with the transmit data. The TS-440S will then automatically enter the SPLIT mode. 3. This operation will not function if no data is contamed 16 in the displayed memory channel. 4. Data in the VFO is replaced by the memory data. Memory data is not lost during this operation. 3-6-3. Transferring data between memory channels 1. With the TS-440S in the memory mode, press the M.IN key and scroll to the channel that you want the data to be transferred to. Press the M.IN key. The frequency and mode of the memory channel that appeared before you pressed the M.IN key will duplicated in the new channel. 3 3 i H i n c n b.u 2. Select the desired memory channel using the methods described under Memory Entry section. i D ~~> i. C C 5.0 3. To return again. 0 th e VFO mode. 3ress the VFO/M key 1 4 n 5.0 Not 3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split frequency channels Separate transmit and receive frequencies may be entered into memory channels 90 through 99. The procedure is similar to that given for the other channels with the following exception: 1. The active VFO frequency and mode is stored in the receive memory, and the inactive VFO frequency and mode is stored in the transmit memory, regardless of whether the SPLIT function is ON or OFF. 2. The RIT offset is stored in the receive memory, and the XIT offset in the transmit memory. 3. When data is transferred from the general memory section into the split frequency memory section the transmit and receive frequencies will be the same. 4. Only the receive memory will be transferred into general memory during transfer operations from the split memory area. 3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel Two methods may be used to clear a memory channel: 1. M.IN switch Transferring information from a vacant channel, i.e. one that has no stored information, thru the use of the M.IN switch, as described previously in section 3-6-1 is one method of "clearing" a memory channel. 2. ENT switch Data may also be erased by depressing the ENT key while depressing the CLEAR key. 3-6-6. Memory recall Fixed channel type recall is possible when using the VFO/M key to recall memory channel information. The stored frequency cannot be changed, although the RIT/XIT function is active. 1. Press the VFO/M key. The memory channel number, mode, and stored frequency data will be displayed. If a channel contains no data, only the channel number will be displayed. 1. RIT/XIT will be cancelled when the TS-440S is switched from the VFO mode to the memory mode, but will be restored when the TS-440S returns to the VFO mode. 2. When the TS-440S is switched from the memory mode to the VFO mode, the VFO will be set to the RIT/XIT variable specified when the data was programmed in to memory. 3-7. SCAN 3-7-1. Memory scan Memory scan operates from memory channel 00 thru memory channel 99 at approximately 3-4 second intervals, or you may specify which memory groups you want to scan. Only these memory channels with data entered are scanned. To initiate memory scan of all memory channels 1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode. 2. Press the SCAN key. Scan will begin at memory channel 00, or the lowest numbered channel containing data. 3. You can stop scanning by pressing the CLEAR or microphone PTT switch. Pressing the PTT switch will allow you to continue scanning from the point that you stopped, and pressing the CLEAR key will allow you to start scanning from the beginning. 4. To resume scan press the SCAN key again. To initiate memory scan of specific memory channel groups 1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode. 2. Press and hold the SCAN key. 3. You may specify which memory groups you want to scan by depressing the key that corresponds to the ten position of the memory channel group. | o I Memory channels 00 thru 09 j i ) Memory channels 10 thru 19 !~2 I Memory channels 20 thru 29 LHH.. ... Memory channels 90 thru S 17 In example 1 we want to scan only Group 2, so we would press the 2 key. In example 2 we want to scan Group 1 and Group 2, so we would press the 1 key and then the 2 key. Example 1 Group 2 CH20 4. You can stop scanning, or resume scan using the same methods described above for the entire memory scan. 3-7-2. Program scan Two programmable scan ranges are provided on the TS-440S transceiver. PG.S-1 (Program Scan range It utilizes memory channels 06 and 07 to specify the upper and lower scan limits. PG.S-2 (Program Scan range 2) utilizes memory channels 08 and 09 to specify the upper and lower scan limits. To initiate PG.S 1. Press the VFO/M key to select VFO operation. 2. Press and hold the SCAN key. 3. To initiate PG.S 1 press the 6 key, and then release both the 6 and the SCAN keys. Scan will begin on the frequency programmed in memory channel number 6 and proceed in 10 Hz steps to the upper limit stored in memory channel 7, then return to channel 6 and begin again. 4. To initiate PG.S 2 press the 8 key, and then release both the 8 and the SCAN key. Scan will proceed in the limits specified in memory channels 8 and 9, just as for PG.S 1. 5. If you want to scan both ranges PG.S 1 and PG.S 2, press the 6 and then the 8 key while holding the SCAN key down, and then release the SCAN key. Scan will proceed thru the limits in memory channels 6 and 7, thru the limits in memory channels 8 and 9, and then return to begin the process again. Note: The TS-440S microprocessor remembers the various scan parameters that you have specified and will follow whatever you have entered the next time you press the SCAN key. Example 1: Memory mode Previously programmed memory scan data was to scan channels 20-29 and 40-49. To scan this same range again simply press the SCAN key. Example 2: VFO mode Previously entered program scan data was to scan both PG.S1 and PG.S2. To initiate program scan over these two ranges again simply press the SCAN key. The TS-440S will continue to execute scan according to the above parameters until you manually change the information. This saves a lot of key strokes if you always scan the same ranges, etc. 3-7-3. Scan speed Two scan speeds are available with the TS-440S. To change the speed press the SCAN key after you have initiated scan. You will be able to toggle between fast and slow each time you press the key. Note: The scan step size depends upon the mode that has been selected for SSB, CW and AFSK the step size is 10 Hz, for FM and AM the step size is 100 Hz. 3-7-4. Memory channel lockout This transceiver has a memory channel lockout function which allows you to temporarily skip unwanted memory channels during memory scan. 1. Press the VFO/M key to enter the memory mode, 2. Select the memory channel that you want to skip using the numeric keypad, the TUNING knob, or the UP/DOWN microphone or BAND switches. 3. Press the CLEAR switch. 4. A decimal point will appear in the M.CH display to indicate that the channel will be skipped. 5. To cancel the lockout, select the desired channel and then press the CLEAR switch. The decimal point will go out indicating that the channel will again be scanned. 6. To stop scanning press the PTT switch, or the CLEAR key. Pressing the SCAN key allows scan to resume from the point you stopped. e3 i'-i 115.0 18 3-8. AFSK 3-8-1. Reception An RTTY terminal is required to receive and display/print the RTTY signal. 1. The AFSK mode utilizes the LSB carrier frequency, which conforms to international conventions. 2. When the optional YK-88C filter is installed, the normal receiver bandwidth is 500 Hz when the SELECTIVITY switch is set to the AUTO position, and the MODE switch is in AFSK. The accompanying diagram illustrates the relationship between the carrier and the passband width. 3. The demodulated AFSK signal is sent from the AFSK OUT terminal on the rear panel. 4. This completes the preparation for using the AFSK mode. Note: Before connecting the terminal you should review the contents of the instruction manual provided with that terminal unit. AFSK IN _I?:?iO__. AFSK OUT The figure below shows the frequencies relationship. / ,cw / : ' 1 of the TS-440S. (See page 11 for the REMOTE terminal pin configuration.) 3-8-2. Transmit Note: Key down periods of 1 hour will require a cool down period of approximately 30 minutes. The PS-50 * heavy-duty supply is recommended for continuous duty transmission. 1. Ensure that your terminal is set up for AFSK type keying. 2. Connect the terminal units AFSK output jack to TS-440S AFSK IN jack, and the terminal unit's AFSK input jack to the TS-440S AFSK OUT jack on the rear panel of the transceiver. The terminal units standby (PTT) terminal should be connected to the standby terminal on the REMOTE connector 3. Place the MODE key on the TS-440S to AFSK, and the Meter switch to ALC. 4. To transmit, either place the SEND/REC switch on the TS-440S to SEND, or use the PTT signal from your terminal unit. 5. When using AFSK, you can also apply your transmit signal tones to pin number 1 of the microphone connector, if you do not wish to use the two jacks on the rear of the TS-440S. To adjust the power output in AFSK, increase or decrease the MIC gain control setting. A mid-scale ALC reading will yield full power output. Notes: 1. AFSK operation requires a terminal unit designed to supply this type of operation. You cannot use FSK tones with an AFSK jack! 2. The AFSK oscillator circuit should provide audio tones of 2125 and 2295 Hz. Lower tones may cause spurious output due to the higher harmonic content present with these lower frequencies. 3. The TS-440S and RTTY terminal unit should use separate power supplies, in order to prevent RFI (Radio Frequency Interference). 4. During AFSK mode operation, the microphone switch should be OFF or ground pin No. 9 of the ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you are using the AFSK jacks on the rear panel. 5- The AFSK input level should be less than 100 mV. 3-8-3. AMTOR operation For AMTOR operation, you should reverse the transmit/receive input polarity on your AMTOR terminal, since AFSK on the TS-440S operates in the LSB mode. If you cannot reverse the polarity, you should select the USB mode on the TS-440S. During AMTOR operation, the microphone switch should be OFF, or ground pin No. 9 of the ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you are using AFSK IN/OUT jacks on the rear panel. 3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLIFIER The TS-440S may be operated with any conventional linear amplifier which will accept up to approximately 125 watts of RF drive, has a low current DC operated keying circuit, and returns approximately -8 to -1 VDC ALC back to the exciter. Please note that in order to operate full QSK (FULL break-in) the linear amplifier must also be QSK capable. Refer to the REMOTE connector diagram on page 11 and section 5-8-10. Initial linear amplifier tune-up should be performed with the TS-440S set for approximately 50 watts output to reduce wear and tear on both the linear, and the TS-440S. Use of a dummy load is strongly recommended, since the bands are already sufficiently crowded. 19 4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The TS-440S utilizes double-conversion for FM transmissions, and triple-conversion for all other transmission modes, and for all modes in receive. The intermediate frequencies are 45.05 MHz, 8.83 MHz and 455 kHz. A wide dynamic range is made possible thru the use of 2SK125 junction FETs in the receiver section's 1st and 2nd mixers, and by a 3SK73 dual-gate MOS FET in the 3rd mixer. An integrated circuit balanced modulator (AN612) is used in the 1st transmitter mixer and 2SK122s are used in the 2nd and 3rd mixers. The PLL circuit, consisting of 5 loops, and the digital VFO are controlled by a single reference oscillator circuit. IF SHIFT and 10 Hz tuning steps are provided thru the use of this system. 4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION The incoming microphone audio is routed to the IF unit where it is amplified by the microphone amplifier and then distributed to the SSB, FM and VOX circuits. The SSB signal is applied to the balanced modulator, then amplified and converted to the 1 st IF frequency of 455 kHz. This DSB (Double Side Band) signal is filtered to obtain the SSB signal. The SSB signal is mixed with the local oscillator frequency of 8.375 MHz in the 1st mixer to obtain the 2nd IF signal of 8.83 MHz. This signal is filterd by a CF (Ceramic Filter) to remove the unwanted by-products of the mixing action. The filtered output is applied to the RF unit. In the RF unit the signal is mixed with the HET OSC frequency of 36.22 MHz by the 2nd mixer to obtain a frequency of 45.05 MHz. This signal is combined with the VCO signal in the 3rd mixer to obtain the transmit frequency which is applied to the Final unit via a LPF (Low Pass Filter). The Final unit amplifies the signal to the desired power level and then routes the signal thru an additional LPF to the antenna terminal, or the Antenna Tuner, if installed. 4-3. RECEIVER SECTION The incoming signal for the antenna is fed to the receive band-pass filters in the RF unit, via a front panel controlled attenuator circuit. Selection of the desired BPF is accomplished thru data supplied from the Control unit. Signals from the BPF are mixed with the VCO signal in the 1 st RX mixer to obtain the 1 st IF frequency of 45.05 MHz. This signal is filtered by a MCF (Monolithic Crystal Filter) and applied to the 2nd RX mixer. This mixer combines the 1st IF frequency with the HET OSC frequency of 36.22 MHz to obtain the 2nd IF frequency of 8.83 MHz. The 2nd IF frequency is split into two paths, one to the noise blanker circuits, and the other past the noise blanking gate to the 2nd IF filter. The signal that is taken from the output of the 2nd IF filter is applied to the 3rd RX mixer, via a buffer amplifier, where it is mixed with the local oscillator frequency of 8.375 MHz, to obtain the 3rd IF frequency of 455 kHz. 20 This 3rd IF frequency is either amplified and then demodulated by the FM detector IC, for FM operation, or applied to the 455 kHz filter. After filtering, the signal is amplified and applied either to the SSB or AM detector circuits. 4-4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION The TS-440S contains the following major units: RF unit, IF unit, Control unit, PLL unit. Filter unit, AT unit, etc. A brief description of these units follows. 4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1680-00) The receive section of this unit includes the BPF's for each band, the 1st RX mixer, a 45.05 MHz MCF, the 2nd RX mixer, noise blanker circuits, and an 8.83 MHz MCF. The transmit section includes the 2nd TX mixer, 3rd TX mixer, amplifier circuits, FM microphone amplifier circuit, microphone limiter circuits, and four VCO's required to cover the frequencies from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. 4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00) The receive section of this unit contains the 8.83 MHz filter, 3rd RX mixer, 455 kHz filter, detector, and low frequency amplifiers. The transmit section contains the microphone amplifier, balanced modulator, 1st TX mixer, 8.83 MHz filter, etc. This unit also includes the timing circuit which controls the CW break-in circuit, and the 8.375 MHz local oscillator circuit. 4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00) The unit is centered around the main microprocessor, and provides a wide variety of control signals for all the various units. 4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00) Five PLL loops are provided, as well as the reference crystal oscillator (36 MHz). 4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00I This unit amplifies the TX RF signal for transmission. The TS-440S has an output of 100 W. This is accomplished by utilizing a three-stage final amplifier section having a relatively low collector loss figure, and a high efficiency cooling system. 4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1340-00) Provides for a high quality transmitter output by reducing unwanted harmonic emissions. This unit also detects the forward and reflected power sensing circuits for ALC, SWR and Antenna Tuner circuits. 4-4-7. Automatic Antenna Tuner unit (X57-1150-00) This unit consists of the tuner and control sections. The tuner section consists of three coils and motor driven variable capacitors which form the actual tuning circuit. The control section takes the information provided by the filter unit, as well as band and frequency data provided by the RF unit to control the variable capacitors, and switching of the coil. The automatic antenna tuner operates from 3.5 thru 29.7 MHz. 5. MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT 5-1. GENERAL INFORMATION Your transceiver has been factory aligned and tested to specification before shipment. Under normal circumstances the transceiver will operate in accordance with these operating instructions. All adjustable trimmers and coils in your transceiver were preset at the factory and should only be readjusted by a qualified technician with proper test equipment. Attempting service or alignment without factory authorization can void the transceiver's warranty. When operated properly, the transceiver can give years of service without requiring realignment. The information in this section gives some general service procedures which can be accomplished without sophisticated test equipment. 5-2. SERVICE Should it ever become necessary to return the equipment to your dealer or service center for repair, pack in its original box and packing, and include a full description of the problems involved. Also include your telephone number. You need not return accessory items unless directly related to the service problem. You may return your radio for service to the Authorized TRIO-KENWOOD Dealer from whom you purchased it. A copy of the service report will be returned with the unit. Please do not send sub-assemblies or printed circuit boards. Send the complete unit, in its original boxes and packing. Tag all returned items with your name and call for identification. Please mention the model and serial number of your radio in any correspondence, whether phone or written. For future reference, record this information in the space provided on the back cover of this manual. Service note: Dear OM, if you desire to correspond on a technical or operational problem, please make your note short, complete, and to the point. And PLEASE make it readable. Please list: Model and serial number. The question or problem you are having. Please give sufficient detail to diagnose: other equipment in the station, meter readings and anything you feel might be useful in attempting diagnosis. Caution: Do not pack the equipment in crushed newspapers for shipment! Extensive damage may result, during shipping. Notes: 1- Record the date of purchase, serial number and dealer from whom purchased. 2. For your own information, retain a written record of any maintenance performed on the unit. 3. When claiming warranty service, please include a photocopy of the bill of sale, or other proof of purchase showing the date of sale. 5-3. CLEANING The knobs, front panel and cabinet of the transceiver are likely to become soiled after extended use. The knobs should be removed from the transceiver and cleaned with a neutral soap and warm water. Use a neutral soap (not harsh chemicals) and damp cloth to clean the cabinet and front panel. 5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY The problems described in this table are failures caused in general by improper operation or connection of the RECEPTION transceiver, not by defective components. Examine and check according to the following table, If the problem persists, contact an authorized agent or service station. Symptom: Indicators do not light and no receiver noise is heard when the POWER 1. Bad power cable or connection 2. Blown power supply fuse. 3. Power supply is OFF. 4. Check cables and connections. . Check for the cause of the blown fus and replace the fuse. Nothing is displayed or wrong digits are displayed when the POWER switch is turned on. The microprocessor malfunctions. This occurs when the battery is old or the supply voltage drops extremely on the occasion of consuming large current. Adjust the supply voltage to nominal voltage =t 10V with use of a boost ng transformer. Jse a 12 to 16V battery. v Turn the POWER switch on again. Turn The SQL control counterclockwise. Set the PTT switch to the receive position. Ensure the SELECTIVITY switch is set to either "AUTO", "M2", or "W" gain control fully clockwise. | No signal is received e ; An antenna is connected, but no sigj nal is received and the S-meter fully deflects. 1. SQL control fully clockwise. I 2. Microphone PTT switch is in the trans mit position, and the TS440S is in th | transmit mode. j 3. SELECTIVITY switch is set to "N" o "M1" and no optional filter is installed, j : RF control is too low, decreasing the high j Tur frequency circuit gain. 22 Symptom Probable cause Corrective action The S-meter deflects and stays at a certain position even with no signal. 1. Low AC line voltage. 2. RF gain control closed. 1. Use a step-up transformer to raise the line voltage. Use a 12 to 16V battery. 2. Turn the RF gain control fully clockwise. Signal is received, but no sound is heard. MODE key position is incorrect. Change the MODE key to the correct mode. SSB received signal is extremely high cut or low cut. IF SHIFT control is wrong adjusted. Set the control to the center (click position). Frequency is not changed by pressing the BAND switch or turning the tuning control. F. LOCK switch is ON. Set F. LOCK switch to OFF. Program scan fails. Memory channel is 6 and 7 or 8 and 9 are empty. Store the frequency. Memory scan fails. Memory is empty. Display goes out with VFO/M ON. When nothing is stored in the memory blanked with only the decimal point displayed. TRANSMISSION SymptomProbable cause Corrective action No output in SSB (RF and ALC meters do not deflect.) 1. Open microphone i microphone. 2. Low microphone gain cable or bad 1. 2. Check the microphone. Increase the MIC gain control. VOX does not operate. 1. VOX GAIN control too 2. ANTi VOX control justment. low. requires ad Se e section 3-1-2, VOX GAIN control. VOX trips by speaker output. ANTI VOX control requires adjustment. See section 3-1-2, ANTI VOX control. No output in CW The key plug is incompletely inserted or KEY contact failure. 1. 2. Insert the key plug fully. Turn the CAR control clockwise. Linear amplifier does not key. 2. REMOTE connector is n a poor contact. not moved, iswired, or has 2. Move the connector as described in section 5-8-10. Correct wiring. 5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP LITHIUM BATTERY A lithium battery is contained in the transceiver to retain memory. Turning off the POWER switch, disconnecting the power cable, or a power failure will not erase the memory. The battery should last for approximately five years. When the battery discharges, an erroneous display may appear in the display. Lithium battery replacement should be performed by an authorized KENWOOD service facility; either your KENWOOD dealer, or the factory, since this unit contains CMOS type circuitry. Notes: 1. When the lithium battery is replaced, the microprocessor must be reset, using the procedure in section 5-6. 2. When the lithium battery fails, the radio's microcod- ed functions are NOT affected. Only information stored in memory will be cleared. 5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET When the microprocessor has functioned erroneously or when setting the transceiver in the initial state, switch on the power with the A=B switch pressed. Note: The microprocessor can be easily reset. However, only perform this operation when necessary since the contents of memory are cleared by resetting. 5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS When ordering replacement or spare parts for your equipment, be sure to specify the following: Model and serial number of your transceiver. Schematic number of the part. Printed circuit board number on which the part is located, part number and name, if known, and quantity desired. Part numbers for most replacement parts is contained in the service manual (available as an option from your dealer). 23 5-8. ADJUSTMENTS 5-8-1. Cover removal Cautions: 1. Before removing the cover, turn the DC power supply's power switch OFF and disconnect the power cable. 2. Do not pinch wiring when opening or dosing cases. Removing the covers Remove the top cover (9 screws), filter unit cover (3 screws) and the bottom covers (8 screws) from radio. 5-8-2. Internal view (A) Top view Switch unit PLL unit VS-1 (option) (B) Bottom view Control unit Control unit" 24 5-8-3. Digital display calibration 1. Remove the top cover, filter unit cover and the bottom covers from radio, and place the radio on its side with the antenna tuner area down. 2. Remove the two screws that secure the rear of the IF unit to the chassis and raise the IF unit up towards the front panel. Connect the two pin end of the supplied calibration cable to connector number 8 on the PLL unit, as shown in the figure. 3. Connect the single pin end of the cable to the CAL terminal pin that is located along the back edge of the RF unit, near the large shielded area 4. Connect your antenna and tune to WWV. 5. Using a small flat bladed screwdriver adjust trimmer capacitor TC1, near connector 8 of the PLL unit, for zero beat. Zero beat is the point where the two audio tones are oscillating at the slowest rate. 5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution If you would like 10 Hz resolution instead of the supplied 100 Hz display resolution, cut D66 as shown on the Control unit. 1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio. 2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards. 3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate. 4. Cut the lead of diode D66 located below the dip switch on the control unit. 5. Reverse steps 1. --3. to reassemble the radio. Notes: 1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel! 2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result. 5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection You may select between 800 Hz and 400 Hz zero beat adjustments in the CW mode by cutting diode D73 on the control unit. 1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio. 2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards. 3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate. 4. Cut the lead of diode D73 located below the dip switch on the control unit. 5. Reverse steps 1.-3. to reassemble the radio. Notes: 1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel! 2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result. 25 5-8-6. Side tone level 1. Remove the top cover. 2. Adjust VR-9 for your preference. 3. Replace the top cover. 5-8-8. Beep tone level 1. Remove the top cover. 2. Adjust VR-10 for your reference. 3. Replace the top cover. 5-8-7. Beep tone selection The audio oscillator that provides the Morse Code signal when you press a mode key may be changed to provide only a single confirmation tone by cutting diode D65 on the Control unit. 1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio. 2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards. 3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate. 4. Cut the lead of diode D65 located below the dip switch on the control unit. 5. Reverse steps 1. -- 3. to reassemble the radio. Notes: 1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel! 2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result. 26 5-8-9. TUNING dial torque Turn the VFO knob while holding the silver ring. As the VFO knob is turned clockwise, drag will be increased. 5-8-10. Linear amplifier control As delivered from the factory, the external keying relay for control of a linear amplifier is disabled. If you want to connect a linear amplifier connect the jumper wire on the Switch unit to the ON terminal as shown in the accompanying figure. The control relay functions only when the jumper wire on board X41 -1610-N/14 is connected to the ON position. 27 6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The following accessories are available for more sophisticated operation of your transceiver. 6-1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION 1. Remove the top cover from the radio. Be careful of the speaker lead, which may be unplugged. 2. Remove the seven screws securing the IF unit to the chassis. 3. Install the crystal filter in the appropriate location on the IF unit. The SSB filter goes towards the center and the CW filter towards the edge of the board. Solder the filter in place, and cut off the excess lead lengths. Note: When soldering use a low wattage iron (40 watts or less), and a high quality rosin core solder. Do not use acid core solder as this will eventually cause damage to the circuit board. Solder quickly, but ensure that you have a good solder connection. If the connection is dull, or looks crystalized you will have to remove the solder and try again. 4. When installing the optional crystal filter, move the white or blue lead, or both to the appropriate terminal as shown in the chart on page 28. 5. Replace the IF unit and secure with the seven screws removed in step 2. 6. Reattach the speaker lead, and replace the top cover. Note: Two terminals are provided for the WIDE and SSB jumper. Either of the two terminals may be used. * YK-88C CW FILTER Center frequency : 8,830.7 kHz Passband width : 500 Hz [-6 dB) Attenuation bandwidth : 1.5 kHz (-60 dB) Guaranteed attenuation : More than 80 dB * YK-88CN CW NARROW FILTER Center frequency : 8,830.7 kHz Passband width : 270 Hz (-6 dB) Attenuation bandwidth : 1.1 kHz (-60 dB) Guaranteed attenuation : More than 80 dB * YK-88SN SSB NARROW FILTER Center frequency : 8,830.0 kHz Passband width : 1.8 kHz (-6 dB) Attenuation bandwidth : 3.3 kHz (-60 dB) Guaranteed attenuation : More than 80 dB * YK-88S SSB FILTER Center frequency: 8,830.0 kHz Passband width: 2.4 kHz <-6dB) Attenuation bandwidth: 4.2 kHz (-60 dB) Guaranteed attenuation: More than 80 dB 28 OPTIONAL CRYSTAL\^SELECTIVtTYl FILTER COMBINATION ^\POSITION MODE Terminal connection USB LSB c.l FSK A M FM White lead Blue lead -- AUTO 2.2 kHz 6kHz 12 kHz N No sound from the speaker WIDE WIDE Ml M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz YK-88S AUTO 2.1 kHz 6 kHz 12 kHz N No sound from the speaker Ml 2.1 kHz SSB SSB M2 W 6 kHz AUTO 1.8 kHz 6 kHz SSB SSB N No sound from the speaker Ml 1.8 kHz 6 kHz M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz YK-88C AUTO 2.2 kHz 1 500 Hi 12 kHz cw WIDE N 500 Hz M1 No sound from the speaker M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz AUTO 2.2 kHz 270 Hz 6 kHz YK-88CN Ml No sound from speaker 12 kHz cw WIDE M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz YK-88S and YK-88C AUTO 2.1 kHz 500 Hz 6 kHz 12 kHz cw SSB N 500 Hz Ml 2.1 kHz M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz AUTO 2.1 kHz 1 270 Hz 6 kHz N 270 Hz YK-88S ana YKS8CN M1 2.1 kHz 12 kHz cw SSB M2 2.2 kHz W 6kH; N 1 iHoTz 1 .8 KHz M2 2.2 kHz W 6 kHz AUTO '8 kHz , 270 Hz 1 6 kHz 6-2. VOICE SYNTHESIZER UNIT VS-1 INSTALLATION 1. Remove the top cover from the radio. 2. Remove the two screws on the rear of the IF unt and raise the unit to allow access to the PLL unit. 3. Install the VS-1 in the area at the left rear of the PLL unit using the three screws provided with the VS-1 4. Install the 3-pin plug on connector J01 and the 8-pin plug on connector J02. 5. Select the desired language that you want with switch S-1 on the VS-1. ENG for English, orJA for Japanese. 6. Install the 4-pin plug on connector (§) 05 the IF unit. 7. Reverse step 1.-2. 8. Turn on the power switch and press the VOICE switch. The frequency will be announced. Adjust VR-1 for the desired audio output level. 29 6-3. INTERFACE IC KIT IC-TO INSTALLATION Installing the optional IC-10 kit will allow control of the radio from a personal computer. The following operations are possible: Programming and recall of VFO A and VFO B frequency MR (Memory Recall) and M.IN (Memory Input) Microphone UP/DOWN frequency control disable Control of the F.LOCK switch Memory channel selection MODE selection Control of RIT/XIT Selection of RIT/XIT frequency Scan operation Review of transceiver status 6-3-1. Installation 1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio. 2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards. 3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate. 4. Install the IC's into the vacant sockets on the Control unit. Orientation of this component is critical for proper operation of the radio, and interface. Caution: Install the IC's so that the notch in the end is on the same end as the notch in the IC socket. ICs4 : nPD8251AC (NEC) or equivalent IC55 : TC4040BP (Toshiba) or equivalent 5. Reverse steps 1. --3. to reassemble the radio. Caution: Do not pinch and stretch any wires. 6-3-2. Operation Refer to the instruction manual provided with the IC-10 Interface IC Kit. 30 6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES * PS-50 HEAVY DUTY DC POWER SUPPLY Designed to match the TS-440S. Supplies regulated 13.8 VDC at 20 A with built-in cooling fan and protection circuits for maximum reliability. * PS-430 DC POWER SUPPLY The PS-430 is a regulated DC power supply with high current capability. The output is 13.8 VDC/20 A (intermittent!. Since terminals for 13.8V0C/10A are also provided, in addition to an output power cable for use with the TS-440S, the PS-430 can be used as the power source for another low power mobile transceiver such as a 2-meter rig. * AT-440 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER UNIT The AT-440 Automatic Antenna Tuner unit can be installed in the TS-440S. The tuner covers all amateur bands from 80 through 10 meters, including the new WARC bands. Matching capability is 20 to 1 50 ohms, unbalanced. * AT 250 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER The AT-250 Automatic Antenna Tuner covers 160 through 10 meter bands. * AT-230 ANTENNA TUNER The AT-230 Antenna Tuner covers 160 through 10 meter bands. * AT-130 ANTENNA TUNER The AT-130 Antenna Tuner cvers o ) through 10 * MC-85 MICROPHONE (8pin) The MC-85 is a unidirectional high-class electret condenser microphone provided with the output selective switch, audio level compensation circuit, low cut filter, level meter, PTT and LOCK switches. An 8-pin cable is provided, with optional cables, up to three outputs are possible. * MC-80 MICROPHONE (8pin) The MC-80 is an omnidirectional electret condenser microphone provided with UP/DOWN switches, volume adjustment for output level, PTT and LOCK switches, built-in preamplifier, * MC-60A MICROPHONE (8pin) The zinc die-cast base provides high stability, and the MC-60A is complete with PTT and LOCK switches, UP/DOWN switches, and impedance selector switch and a built-in preamplifier. * MC-55 MOBILE MICROPHONE (8pin) The MC-55 provides UP/DOWN switches, LED display for switching transmit or receive, adjustable microphone gain, automatic receive returning circuit iapprox. 5 minutes) and many functions. * MC-42S UP/DOWN HAND MICROPHONE The MC-42S is handy dynamic microphone with PTT switch and UP/DOWN switches. * LF-30A LOW PASS FILTER 31 « MB-430 MOBILE MOUNT The Mobile Mount MB-430 allows easy installation and removal of the TS-440S. The MB-430 can either be suspended from the dashboard or attached to the transmission tunnel or a center console. The transceiver tilt angle can be adjusted in 5 steps. * PG-2C DC POWER CABLE * MA-5 5 BAND HELICAL TYPE HF MOBILE ANTENNA * VP-1 BUMPER MOUNT FOR MA-5 * SP-430 EXTERNAL SPEAKER The SP-430 is an attractive, compact external speaker. This low-distortion speaker provides clear reproduction of the high-quality audio obtained from the transceiver. * SP-50 MOBILE SPEAKER (8 ohms) Compact and smart high quality external speaker provides flexibility of installation for maximum con * SP-41 COMPACT MOBILE SPEAKER (4 ohms) * TL-922A/TL-922 HF LINEAR AMPLIFIER (Not for QSK operation.) The TL-922A/922 is an HF linear amplifier operating at maximum legal power, and employing a pair of 3-500Z high performance transmitting tubes. TL-922A (without 10 meter band) is available only in U.S.A. * SM-220 STATION MONITOR Built around a basic 10 MHz oscilloscope, the SM-220 station monitor features, in combination with a built in two-tone generator, a variety of waveform-observing capabilities. * PC-1A PHONE PATCH (Available only where phone patch operation is legal.) Hybrid phone patch with VU meter for null and audio gain measurements. The PC-1A Phone Patch provides an interface between the transceiver and telephone line. Providing excellent performance, it is designed with high isolation between receive input and transmit output. Its compact design permits easy installation in a limited space. (FCC Part 68 registered) TL-922A-TL-922 32 * TU-8 SUBAUDIBLE TONE UNIT 38 CTCSS tone frequencies can be selected by setting of the dip switch. * IF-232C INTERFACE The IF-232C Interface is the adapter for connection between the RS-232C terminal of a personal computer and the interface terminal of the TS-440S. * IC-10 INTERFACE IC KIT * SW-2000 SWR/POWER METER SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-54 MHz in range of 0-200/2000 W, full scale for base station use. * SW-200A SWR/POWER METER SW-200 A supplied with SWC-1. Selectable Peakreading/RMS. SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-150 MHz in range of 0-20/200 W full scale for base station use. * SW-100A SWR/POWER METER Compact and lightweight SWR/POWER/VOLT meters cover 1.8 - 1 50 MHz in range of 150 W full scale for mobile use.. * HS-7 MICRO HEADPHONES (16 OHMS) * HS-6 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (12.5 OHMS) Deluxe, very light-weight headphones designed for communications equipment. * HS-5 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8 OHMS) Headphones designed for communications equipment. These light-weight open air-type headphones remain comfortable during extended operation. Easily attached earpads are provided. * HS-4 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8 OHMS) 32 7. BLOCK DIAGRAM 33 8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 8-1. FILTER UNIT(X51-1340-00)/DISPLAY UNITIX54-1870-00) (B/4) 34 8-2. AT UNIT (X57-1150-00) 35 8-3. FINAL UNIT (X54-1470-00) 36 9. SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES 9-1 . SPECIFICATIONS Specifications Model TS-440S Mode LSB (A3J), USB (A3J), CW (A1), AM (A3), FM (F3), FSK (F1) With AT unit 20 to 1 50 ohms (Transmit only) Without AT unit 50 ohms Power requirement 12 to 16 VDC (13.8 VDC reference) Grounding Negative Current drain Receive mode with no input signal 1.9 A Transmit mode 20 A Dimensions ( ) includes projection. Wide 270 (279) mm High 96 (108) mm Deep 313 (335) mm Weight With AT unit 7.3 kg (16.1 lbs) Without AT unit 6.3 kg (13.9 lbs) Frequency range 1 60 m Band 1.8 to 2.0 MHz 80 m band 3.5 to 4.0 MHz 40 m band 7.0 to 7.3 MHz 30 m band 10.1 to 10.15 MHz 20 m band 14.0 to 14.35 MHz 17 m band 18.068 to 18.168 MHz 15 m band 21.0 to 21.45 MHz 12 m band 24.89 W 24.99 MHz 10 m band 28.0 to 29.7 MHz Input power LSB, USB, CW, FM, FSK 200 W PEP AM 110 W PEP usu LSB, USB Balanced modulation Tra ModulationFMReactance modulation AMLow level modulation Spurious radiation (CW> Less than -40 dB Carrier suppression More than 40 dB (with 1.5 kHz reference) Third order distortion More than 26 dB below one of two tones Maximum frequency deviation (FM) ±5 kHz Frequency response (-6 db) 400 to 2600 Hz Microphone impedance 500 ohms to 50 kSl Circuitry Triple conversion superheterodyne Frequency range 100 kHz to 30 MHz Intermediate frequency 1st: 45.05 MHz. 2nd: 8.83 MHz, 3rd: 455 kHz 100 to 150 kHz Less than 2.5 /iV LSB. USB, CW, FSK 150 to 500 kHz Less than VV .1 (at 10 dB S/N| 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz Less than 4uV 1 1.6 to 30 MHz Less than 0.25uV Sensitivity AM (at 10 dB S/NI 100 to 150 kHz Less than 25 pV 1 1 50 to 500 kHz Less than 13/*V 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz Less than 40 pV 1.6 to 30 MHz Less than 2.5 uV FM (at 12 dB SINAd) 1.6 to 30 MHz Less than 0.7uV 37 ~~ -- __________^ Model Specifications -- -- ________ TS-440S Selectivity LSB, USB, CW, FSK -6dB 2.2 kHz -60 dB 4.4 kHz AM -6 dB 6 kHz -50dB 18 kHz FM -6 dB 12 kHz -50dB 25 kHz Image ratio 100 kHz to 1.6 MHz More than 50 dB 1.6 to 30 MHz More than 70 dB 100 kHz to 1.6 MHz More than 50 dB 1.6 to 30 MHz More than 70 dB IF SHIFT variable range More than ±0.9 kHz RIT/XIT variable range More than + 1 kHz NOTCH filter attenuation More than 20 dB (at 1.5 kHz| Squelch sensitivity LSB, USB, CW, AM, 100 to 150 kHz Less than 20 uV 1 50 to 500 kHz Less than 10uV 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz Less than 20 uV 1.6 to 30 MHz Less than 2 uV FM 1.6 to 30 MHz Less than 0.32 uV Output 1.5 W across 8 ohms load (10% distortion) Output load impedance 4 to 16 ohms (both ext. speaker and phones) _ ° Frequency accuracy (at RIT/XIT off) Less than ±1 x 10^6 Frequency stability (at RIT/XIT off) Less than ±1x10^5( 10 to + 50DC) uit and ratings are subject to change v due to development in technology. 9-2. ACCESSORIES Dynamic microphone (Except Europe and U.K.) T91-0352-05 1 pc. DC power cable assembly E30-1638-05 1 pc. Calibration cable £31-2154-05 1 pc. Fuse(20A) F05-2034-05 1 pc. K23-0712-04 pc. pc. copy copy Knob DIN plug (7-pin) E07-0751-05.. Instruction manual B50-8048-20. Warranty card 10. REFERENCE 10-1. Antenna installation 10-1-1. Fixed station For HF fixed-station operation, an antenna specifically designed for amateur operation is recommended. Antenna types include wire antennas, verticals, rotary beams, and other antenna types. (Fig. 10-1) HF antennas are quite large and must be installed to withstand strong wind, heavy rain, etc. Any antenna used with the TS-440S should be of 50-ohm impedance and should be connected using an appropriate coaxial cable such as RG-8/U. Impedance matching is important. Impedance mismatching will result in a high VSWR and power loss, or can cause unwanted harmonic radiation and interference (TVI, BCD. The impedance match can be checked with an SWR meter. Generally, satisfactory operation is assured when the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is less than 1.5:1. A rotary beam antenna is very effective for DX communication in the 14,21 and 28 MHz bands. (Fig. 10-2) If open wire or balanced type transmission line is used with the antenna, a suitable antenna tuner with balun is recommended between the transceiver and the feed line. Methods of construction and operating such tuners are described in detail in the ARRL Antenna Handbook, or similar publications. For operation on the 160,75 and 40 meter bands, a simple dipole antenna, cut to resonance in the most used portion of the band, will perform satisfactorily. For operation on the 10,15 and 20 meter bands, the efficiency of the station will be greatly increased if a good directional rotary antenna is used. Remember that even the most sophisticated transceiver is useless without a good antenna. 10-1-2. Mobile (1) Antenna Use a sturdy mount for the mobile antenna since HF antennas are larger (and have more wind load) and are heavier than VHF antennas. A bumper mount is recommended for general use. The ground side of the mount must be well grounded to the car body, since the body itself functions as the ground plane for the mobile antenna. (Refer to Fig. 10-4) Notes: 1. Some cars have plastic bumpers. For such cars, ground the antenna mount to the body. 2. When tuning a newly installed antenna, use the following procedure: Turn the CAR control fully counter-clockwise for minimum transmit power. With the transceiver in transmit mode, raise transmit power output slowly by rotating the CAR control clockwise. The antenna should be adjusted with minimum power. Transmitting with full power is recommended only after the antenna has been adjusted for a VSWR below 1.5:1. 3. Antenna installation is critical for successful mobile operation. For further information refer to THE RADIO AMATEUR'S HANDBOOK, RADIO HANDBOOK, or other texts. (2) Coaxial cable connection When the antenna is mounted on the vehicles bumper, the coaxial cable from the antenna can be routed through a drain hole in the trunk. When the antenna is roof mounted pass the cable between the body and door. Leave a driploop at the lowest point in the cable before entry into the vechicle to prevent water from entering the car. (3)- Adjustment Some mobile antennas are not designed at 50-ohm impedance. In this case, impedance matching between the antenna and the coaxial cable (500) is required. This can be achieved by using an antenna matching device or coupler. 43. The antenna to be used should first be checked with a dip meter to insure that it is designed for your operating band, then the impedance matching should be checked with an SWR meter. (Fig. 10-3) The VSWR should preferably be less than 1.5:1 for satisfactory operation. For antenna adjustment refer to the antenna instruction manual. (4) Antenna matching In general, mobile antennas have a lower impedance than the 50-ohm coaxial cable used to feed them, resulting in a mismatch between the antenna and the coax. Such trouble can be eliminated by using an antenna tuner between the transceiver and the coaxial cable. Matching circuit examples Fig. 10-3 Adjusting Antenna Resonance 10-2. MOBIL OPERATION 10-2-1. Installation Route battery and ANTENNA leads away from all high voltage secondary circuits to prevent ignition noise interference. Example of (power cord) wiring Fig. 10-4 10-2-2. Noise reduction In motor vehicles, noise is generated by the ignition system. Other sources of noise include the wiper and heater motors. Although the transceiver is equipped with a noise blanker to minimize ignition noise, it is imperative that some preventive measures be taken to reduce the noise to the lowest possible level. (1) Antenna location selection Since ignition noise is generated by the vehicles engine, the antenna must be installed as far from the engine as possible. (2) Bonding The component parts of motor vehicles, such as the engine, transmission, muffler system, accelerator, etc., are coupled to one another at DC and low frequencies, but are isolated at high frequencies. By connecting these parts using heavy, braided ground straps, ignition noise can be reduced. This connection is called "bonding". (3) Use Ignition suppressor cable or suppressor spark plugs Noise can be reduced by using spark plugs with internal resistors, or resistive suppressor ignition cable. 10-2-3. Battery capacity The power system of a motor vehicle is comprised of a battery and an alternator (which generates power while the engine is running) to supply current to loads or to charge the battery. Since the transceiver draws high current during transmit, care should be exercised so the power system is not overloaded. When using the transciever, the following points should be observed from the viewpoint of battery maintenance: 1. Turn the transceiver OFF when the lights, heater, wipers and other high-draw accessories are used. 2. Avoid transceiver operation when the engine is not running. 3. If necessary, use an ammeter and/or a voltmeter to check battery condition. 10-3. RADIO FREQUENCY ALLOCATION broadcast band broadcast band nd Mongolia in id Mongolia ex iMJGene 48 5 83.5 1606 1800 2300 3200 3400 3500 3800 3900 3950 4000 5000 1 1 liliijlil 7100 7300 Sm 9500 9900 10.150 11 650 12.050 13.600 12S88 14.350 15.000 5.100 15.600 7 550 17.900 20,000 21.450 21.860 25.670 28 000 29.700 1 st Zone Europe m * ca tSo * Asia ana Oceania (Soviet Russia. T VZ7^\ Tropical \ I Other statioi Radio Frequency Allocation Frequency distribution in the broadcast and amateur bands The general coverage receiver covers from 100 kHz to 30 MHz, to receive international broadcast and communication services. As shown in the frequency allocation chart, above figure, broadcast and amateur radio station frequencies are allocated in specific bands expressed in megahertz (MHz) or wavelength in meters (m). Also in the above figure the frequencies of "other stations" are assigned for fixed station business use, marine mobile, aviation mobile, land mobile, radio beacon stations, etc. Notes: 1. Radio stations throughout the world are listed in the WORLD RADIO TV HANDBOOK or similar publications. 2. Antennas designed for ham band operation will generally provide satisfactory reception for SW stations near the ham bands. For antenna construction details, see the ARRL ANTENNA HANDBOOK, or similar publications. Model TS-440S Serial No. Date of Purchase _ Dealer KENWOOD CORPORATION Shionogi Shibuya Building. 17-5. 2-chome Shibuya. Shibuya-ku. Tokyo 150. Japan KENWOOD U.S.A. CORPORATION 2201 E. Dommguez Street, Long Beach. California 90810, U.S.A. KENWOOD ELECTRONICS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH Rembaicker Str. 15. 6056 Heusenstamm, West Germany KENWOOD ELECTRONICS BENELUX N.V. Mechelsesteenweg 418 B-1930Zaveniem. Belgium KENWOOD ELECTRONICS AUSTRALIA PTY, LTD. (INCORPORATED IN N S.W) 4E. Woodcock Place, Lane Cove, N.S.W. 2066 Australia